Citation conventions and selected reference information are adapted from The Indigo Book: A Manual of Legal Citation (Christopher Sprigman & Jennifer Romig et al. eds., Public.Resource.Org 2d ed. 2021), dedicated to the public domain under CC0.
The Citation Code is an independent publication by Matthew D. Giron. It is not sponsored, endorsed, or approved by The Bluebook's publishers, The Indigo Book's editors, Public.Resource.Org, any court, or any educational institution.
A formatted citation identifies a source; it does not establish that the source supports a proposition or remains good law. Nothing on this site is legal advice. Local and receiving-court requirements control.
Case search and citation verification use the CourtListener API, a service of the non-profit Free Law Project; results are CourtListener's. Reporter and court lookup data: Free Law Project's reporters-db and courts-db (BSD-2-Clause). Citation extraction in the checker: eyecite-ts (MIT), a TypeScript port of Free Law Project's eyecite. These tools identify sources and text patterns; they do not establish that a source supports a proposition or remains good law.
© 2026 Matthew D. Giron. Original text, exercises, and answers are the author's; no exclusive rights are claimed in public-domain source material.