How citations work
How to cite subsequent history (aff’d, rev’d, cert. denied)
Subsequent history tells the reader what a higher court later did with the decision you cite. Add it after the citation with an italic phrase, such as “aff’d,” “rev’d,” or “cert. denied,” followed by the later decision’s citation.
The book’s Table F lists the history phrases and their forms.
12 real examples
Each citation is printed as the book prints it, from an authority the book checked against its source.
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842–43 (1984), overruled by Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. 369, 412 (2024).
- Case name
- Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc.
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 467 U.S. 837
- Pinpoint
- 842–43
- Year
- (1984)
The authorities
- Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc. (U.S., June 25, 1984)Source (govinfo.gov)
- Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo (U.S., June 28, 2024)Source (supremecourt.gov)
Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 45 F.4th 359 (D.C. Cir. 2022), vacated, 603 U.S. 369 (2024).
- Case name
- Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 45 F.4th 359
- Court and date
- (D.C. Cir. 2022)
The authorities
- Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo (D.C. Cir., Aug. 12, 2022)Source (supremecourt.gov)
- Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo (U.S., June 28, 2024)Source (supremecourt.gov)
See Thaler v. Perlmutter, 130 F.4th 1039 (D.C. Cir. 2025), cert. denied, No. 25-449 (U.S. Mar. 2, 2026).
- Case name
- Thaler v. Perlmutter
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 130 F.4th 1039
- Court and date
- (D.C. Cir. 2025)
- Docket number
- No. 25-449
The authority
- Thaler v. Perlmutter (D.C. Cir., Mar. 18, 2025)Source (media.cadc.uscourts.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984), overruled by Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. 369 (2024).
- Case name
- Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc.
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 467 U.S. 837
- Year
- (1984)
The authorities
- Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc. (U.S., June 25, 1984)Source (govinfo.gov)
- Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo (U.S., June 28, 2024)Source (supremecourt.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Thaler v. Perlmutter, 687 F. Supp. 3d 140 (D.D.C. 2023), aff’d, 130 F.4th 1039 (D.C. Cir. 2025), cert. denied, No. 25-449 (U.S. Mar. 2, 2026)
- Case name
- Thaler v. Perlmutter
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 687 F. Supp. 3d 140
- Court and date
- (D.D.C. 2023)
- Docket number
- No. 25-449
The authorities
- Thaler v. Perlmutter (D.D.C., Aug. 18, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
- Thaler v. Perlmutter (D.C. Cir., Mar. 18, 2025)Source (media.cadc.uscourts.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google Inc., 954 F. Supp. 2d 282 (S.D.N.Y. 2013), aff’d, 804 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2015).
- Case name
- Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google Inc.
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 954 F. Supp. 2d 282
- Court and date
- (S.D.N.Y. 2013)
The authorities
- Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google Inc. (S.D.N.Y., Nov. 14, 2013)Copy (courtlistener.com)
- Authors Guild v. Google, Inc. (2d Cir., Oct. 16, 2015)Copy (courtlistener.com)
Where the book teaches this
DeBoer v. Snyder, 772 F.3d 388 (6th Cir. 2014), rev’d sub nom. Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 644 (2015).
- Case name
- DeBoer v. Snyder
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 772 F.3d 388
- Court and date
- (6th Cir. 2014)
The authorities
- DeBoer v. Snyder (6th Cir., Nov. 6, 2014)Source (opn.ca6.uscourts.gov)
- Obergefell v. Hodges (U.S., June 26, 2015)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litig., 907 A.2d 693 (Del. Ch. 2005), aff’d, 906 A.2d 27 (Del. 2006).
- Case name
- In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litig.
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 907 A.2d 693
- Court and date
- (Del. Ch. 2005)
The authorities
- In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litig. (Del. Ch., Aug. 9, 2005)Source (courts.delaware.gov)
- In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litig. (Del., June 8, 2006)Source (courts.delaware.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Conahan v. State, No. SC2026-1234, 2026 WL 2603686 (Fla. Sept. 3, 2026), cert. denied, No. 26-5476 (U.S. Sept. 10, 2026).
- Case name
- Conahan v. State
- Docket number
- No. SC2026-1234
- Database number
- 2026 WL 2603686
- Court and date
- (Fla. Sept. 3, 2026)
The authority
- Conahan v. State (Fla., Sept. 3, 2026)Source (flcourts-media.flcourts.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Belk v. Commissioner, 140 T.C. 1 (2013), aff’d, 774 F.3d 221 (4th Cir. 2014).
- Case name
- Belk v. Commissioner
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 140 T.C. 1
- Year
- (2013)
The authorities
- Belk v. Commissioner (T.C., Jan. 28, 2013)Copy (static.case.law)Find it on CourtListener
- Belk v. Commissioner (4th Cir., Dec. 16, 2014)Source (ca4.uscourts.gov)
Where the book teaches this
United States v. Hamdan, 801 F. Supp. 2d 1247 (C.M.C.R. 2011) (en banc), rev’d, 696 F.3d 1238 (D.C. Cir. 2012).
- Case name
- United States v. Hamdan
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 801 F. Supp. 2d 1247
- Court and date
- (C.M.C.R. 2011)
The authorities
- United States v. Hamdan (C.M.C.R., June 24, 2011)Copy (static.case.law)Find it on CourtListener
- Hamdan v. United States (D.C. Cir., Oct. 16, 2012)Copy (static.case.law)Find it on CourtListener
Where the book teaches this
Monarch Life Ins. Co. v. Commissioner, 38 B.T.A. 716 (1938), aff’d, 114 F.2d 314 (1st Cir. 1940).
- Case name
- Monarch Life Ins. Co. v. Commissioner
- Volume, reporter and first page
- 38 B.T.A. 716
- Year
- (1938)
The authorities
- Monarch Life Ins. Co. v. Commissioner (B.T.A., Oct. 6, 1938)Copy (static.case.law)Find it on CourtListener
- Commissioner v. Monarch Life Ins. Co. (1st Cir., Aug. 15, 1940)Copy (static.case.law)Find it on CourtListener
Where the book teaches this
Where the book teaches this
The full rule, its exceptions and the reasons for it are in these sections.