Court opinions
Cite a Fourth Circuit opinion as case name, volume, reporter and first page, a pinpoint, and “(4th Cir. [year])”: the circuit and the year of decision.
The Federal Reporter prints the opinions of every circuit, so the parenthetical has to name the court.
The examples below use F.3d.
Each citation is printed as the book prints it, from an authority the book checked against its source.
Belk v. Commissioner, 774 F.3d 221 (4th Cir. 2014).
The authority
Where the book teaches this
United States v. Clay, No. 24-4681 (4th Cir. Aug. 3, 2026).
The authority
Where the book teaches this