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Court opinions

How to cite a Second Circuit opinion

Cite a Second Circuit opinion as case name, volume, reporter and first page, a pinpoint, and “(2d Cir. [year])”: the circuit and the year of decision.

The Federal Reporter prints the opinions of every circuit, so the parenthetical has to name the court.

The examples below use F.4th.

3 real examples

Each citation is printed as the book prints it, from an authority the book checked against its source.

Where the book teaches this

The full rule, its exceptions and the reasons for it are in these sections.