Legislative materials
How to cite committee reports and hearings
Cite a committee report by chamber, “Rep. No.” and the Congress-and-number designation, a pinpoint page and the year; cite a hearing by its title, the Congress, the page and the year.
Name the speaker in a parenthetical when you rely on what one witness or member said.
11 real examples
Each citation is printed as the book prints it, from an authority the book checked against its source.
H.R. Rep. No. 118-417, at 4 (2024).
The authority
- H.R. Rep. No. 118-417 (House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Mar. 11, 2024)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
S. Rep. No. 119-10, at 27 (2025).
The authority
- S. Rep. No. 119-10 (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Mar. 31, 2025)Source (govinfo.gov)
H.R. Rep. No. 118-417, at 15.
The authority
- H.R. Rep. No. 118-417 (House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Mar. 11, 2024)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
H.R. Rep. No. 118-282, at 11 (2023) (dissenting views).
The authority
- H.R. Rep. No. 118-282 (House Committee on the Judiciary, Nov. 29, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
H.R. Rep. No. 115-466, at 191 (2017) (Conf. Rep.) (joint explanatory statement).
The authority
- H.R. Rep. No. 115-466 (Committee of Conference, Dec. 15, 2017)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
H.R. Doc. No. 112-23 (2011).
The authority
- H.R. Doc. No. 112-23 (Board of Trustees, OASI and DI Trust Funds (transmitted to the House), May 13, 2011)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
H.R. Rep. No. 118-282, at 8–9 (2023).
The authority
- H.R. Rep. No. 118-282 (House Committee on the Judiciary, Nov. 29, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
S. Rep. No. 114-4, at 2 (2015).
The authority
- S. Rep. No. 114-4 (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Feb. 23, 2015)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Oversight of A.I.: Rules for Artificial Intelligence, S. Hrg. 118-37, at 1462 (May 16, 2023) (letter from IEEE-USA, May 22, 2023).
The authority
- Oversight of A.I.: Rules for Artificial Intelligence, S. Hrg. 118-37 (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law, May 16, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
TikTok: How Congress Can Safeguard American Data Privacy and Protect Children from Online Harms: Hearing Before the H. Comm. on Energy & Commerce, 118th Cong., Serial No. 118-13, at 12 (Mar. 23, 2023) (statement of Shou Chew, CEO, TikTok, Inc.).
The authority
- TikTok: How Congress Can Safeguard American Data Privacy and Protect Children from Online Harms: Hearing Before the H. Comm. on Energy & Commerce (House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Mar. 23, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
S. Hrg. 118-37, at 58 (prepared statement of Samuel Altman).
The authority
- Oversight of A.I.: Rules for Artificial Intelligence, S. Hrg. 118-37 (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law, May 16, 2023)Source (govinfo.gov)
Where the book teaches this
Where the book teaches this
The full rule, its exceptions and the reasons for it are in these sections.