Federal court rules for citations and filings

Chapter 1: Check Your Citation

1.2 Whose rules govern?

• Legal statusAI or citation certification

  Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk, Mandatory Certification Regarding Generative Artificial Intelligence, Judge Specific Requirements

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Judge Matthew J. Kacsmaryk, Mandatory Certification Regarding Generative Artificial Intelligence, Judge Specific Requirements txnd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 1.2 Whose rules govern?

Chapter 1: Check Your Citation

1.7 Status: is it still good law, and in force?

• Legal statusAI or citation certification

  Standing Order for Civil Cases Assigned to Judge Anne Hwang, paragraph E.5 (dated September 25, 2026)

  U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Judge Anne Hwang

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Standing Order for Civil Cases Assigned to Judge Anne Hwang, paragraph E.5 (dated September 25, 2026) apps.cacd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 1.7 Status: is it still good law, and in force?

Chapter 2 Anatomy of a Citation, Sentences & Signals

• Requirement

  D.P.R. Local Civ. R. 7(e)

  U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of D.P.R. Local Civ. R. 7(e) prd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 2 Anatomy of a Citation, Sentences & Signals

Chapter 3: Quotations

3.2 Run it in or set it off: inline and block quotations

• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(4)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(4) govinfo.govThe book on this: 3.2 Run it in or set it off: inline and block quotations
• Requirement

  S.D. Cal. CivLR 5.1(a)

  United States District Court for the Southern District of California

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of S.D. Cal. CivLR 5.1(a) casd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 3.2 Run it in or set it off: inline and block quotations

Chapter 4: Pinpoints & Subdivisions

4.1 Reading a pinpoint: first page, pinpoint and the source’s own locator

• Requirement

  D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(2), (b)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2016

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(2), (b) cadc.uscourts.govThe book on this: 4.1 Reading a pinpoint: first page, pinpoint and the source’s own locator

Chapter 6 Typeface by Document Type

• Requirement

  10th Cir. R. 32(A)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 10th Cir. R. 32(A) ca10.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 6 Typeface by Document Type
• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 32.1

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 4, 1999

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 32.1 ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 6 Typeface by Document Type
• Requirement

  7th Cir. R. 32(b)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 7th Cir. R. 32(b) ca7.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 6 Typeface by Document Type
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 33.1(b); Rule 33.2(a)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 33.1(b); Rule 33.2(a) supremecourt.govThe book on this: Chapter 6 Typeface by Document Type

Chapter 6: Typeface by Document Type

6.2 Briefs, motions and memos: what goes in italics

• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6), applied by 27(d)(1)(E) and 32(c)(2)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6), applied by 27(d)(1)(E) and 32(c)(2) govinfo.govThe book on this: 6.2 Briefs, motions and memos: what goes in italics

Chapter 6: Typeface by Document Type

6.8 Font and type size: format rules, not citation form

• Requirement

  D.D.C. LCvR 5.1(d)

  U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of D.D.C. LCvR 5.1(d) dcd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 6.8 Font and type size: format rules, not citation form
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(5), with 27(d)(1)(E), 32(c)(2), 32(e) and 32(g)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(5), with 27(d)(1)(E), 32(c)(2), 32(e) and 32(g) govinfo.govThe book on this: 6.8 Font and type size: format rules, not citation form

Chapter 7 Abbreviations, Numbers, Capitals & Titles

• Requirement

  D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(3)

  United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(3) cadc.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 7 Abbreviations, Numbers, Capitals & Titles
• Legal status

  Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-650, § 321, 104 Stat. 5089, 5117

  Congress

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1990

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-650, § 321, 104 Stat. 5089, 5117 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 7 Abbreviations, Numbers, Capitals & Titles

Chapter 7: Abbreviations, Numbers, Capitals & Titles

7.6 Capitals: courts, laws, parties and your own papers

• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(d)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(d) uscourts.govThe book on this: 7.6 Capitals: courts, laws, parties and your own papers

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.2 Tables of authorities

• Requirement

  10th Cir. R. 28.3(C)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 10th Cir. R. 28.3(C) ca10.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.2 Tables of authorities
• Requirement

  11th Cir. R. 28-1(d)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 28-1(d) ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.2 Tables of authorities
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(3), (b), (c)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2019

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(3), (b), (c) govinfo.govThe book on this: 9.2 Tables of authorities
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 34.2

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 34.2 supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.2 Tables of authorities

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.4 Reproducing the law you cite: statutory addenda

• Requirement

  9th Cir. R. 28-2.7 (with Circuit Advisory Committee Note)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2009

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 28-2.7 (with Circuit Advisory Committee Note) cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.4 Reproducing the law you cite: statutory addenda
• Requirement

  D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(5)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of D.C. Cir. R. 28(a)(5) cadc.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.4 Reproducing the law you cite: statutory addenda
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(f)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2019

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(f) govinfo.govThe book on this: 9.4 Reproducing the law you cite: statutory addenda
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 14.1(f); 24.1(f)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 14.1(f); 24.1(f) supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.4 Reproducing the law you cite: statutory addenda

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.5 State reports, parallels and the Supreme Court’s Opinions Below

• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 14.1(d); 24.1(d)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 14.1(d); 24.1(d) supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.5 State reports, parallels and the Supreme Court’s Opinions Below

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.6 Unpublished rulings: permission, label, copy

• Requirement

  11th Cir. R. 36-2

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 36-2 ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.6 Unpublished rulings: permission, label, copy
• Requirement

  8th Cir. R. 32.1A

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 8th Cir. R. 32.1A ca8.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.6 Unpublished rulings: permission, label, copy
• Permission to cite

  9th Cir. R. 36-3(b), (c)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 36-3(b), (c) cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.6 Unpublished rulings: permission, label, copy
• Requirement

  S.D.N.Y. & E.D.N.Y. Local Civil Rule 7.2

  U.S. District Courts for the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York

  Took effect

  Jan. 2, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of S.D.N.Y. & E.D.N.Y. Local Civil Rule 7.2 nysd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.6 Unpublished rulings: permission, label, copy

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.7 Word limits: every citation counts

• Legal status

  Fed. R. App. P. 32(f), (g)(1); with 32(a)(7)(B), 27(d)(2), 40(d)(3), 32(e)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 32(f), (g)(1); with 32(a)(7)(B), 27(d)(2), 40(d)(3), 32(e) govinfo.govThe book on this: 9.7 Word limits: every citation counts
• Legal status

  Sup. Ct. R. 33.1(d), (g), (h)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 33.1(d), (g), (h) supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.7 Word limits: every citation counts

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.8 AI rules for the paper you file: what to disclose, what you sign

• Legal statusAI or citation certification

  N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(f)(1), (3)

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

  Took effect

  Sept. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(f)(1), (3) txnd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.8 AI rules for the paper you file: what to disclose, what you sign
• Legal statusAI or citation certification

  Standing Order, In re: Local Civil Rule 7(E) and Artificial Intelligence (E.D. Va.) (Lauck, C.J.)

  U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (Chief Judge M. Hannah Lauck)

  Took effect

  Sept. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Standing Order, In re: Local Civil Rule 7(E) and Artificial Intelligence (E.D. Va.) (Lauck, C.J.) vaed.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.8 AI rules for the paper you file: what to disclose, what you sign

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.9 Motions and memoranda in trial courts

• Requirement

  C.D. Cal. L.R. 11-6.1, 11-6.2, 11-8

  U.S. District Court for the Central District of California

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of C.D. Cal. L.R. 11-6.1, 11-6.2, 11-8 cacd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.9 Motions and memoranda in trial courts
• Requirement

  N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(c)

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

  Took effect

  Sept. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(c) txnd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.9 Motions and memoranda in trial courts
• Requirement

  N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(d)–(e)

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

  Took effect

  Sept. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(d)–(e) txnd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.9 Motions and memoranda in trial courts
• Requirement

  S.D.N.Y. & E.D.N.Y. Local Civil Rule 7.1(c)

  U.S. District Courts for the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York

  Took effect

  Jan. 2, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of S.D.N.Y. & E.D.N.Y. Local Civil Rule 7.1(c) nysd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.9 Motions and memoranda in trial courts

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.10 Amicus briefs

• Legal status

  Fed. R. App. P. 29(a)(4)–(5), 29(b)(4)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2018

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 29(a)(4)–(5), 29(b)(4) govinfo.govThe book on this: 9.10 Amicus briefs
• Legal status

  Sup. Ct. R. 37.2, 37.3, 37.6; 33.1(g)(x)–(xiv)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 37.2, 37.3, 37.6; 33.1(g)(x)–(xiv) supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.10 Amicus briefs

Chapter 9: Briefs & Motions

9.11 New authority after you file

• Requirement

  11th Cir. R. 28 I.O.P. 6 (Citation of Supplemental Authorities)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 28 I.O.P. 6 (Citation of Supplemental Authorities) ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.11 New authority after you file
• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 28.4

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 28.4 ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.11 New authority after you file
• Requirement

  9th Cir. R. 28-6 (with Circuit Advisory Committee Note)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2009

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 28-6 (with Circuit Advisory Committee Note) cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: 9.11 New authority after you file
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(j)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2019

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(j) govinfo.govThe book on this: 9.11 New authority after you file
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 15.8, 25.6, 25.7, 33.1(g)(iv)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 15.8, 25.6, 25.7, 33.1(g)(iv) supremecourt.govThe book on this: 9.11 New authority after you file

Chapter 11: Moot Court, Clerkships & Chambers

11.3 At the lectern: citing aloud and pointing to pages

• Legal status

  Fed. R. App. P. 34(c)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2005

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 34(c) govinfo.govThe book on this: 11.3 At the lectern: citing aloud and pointing to pages
• Legal status

  Sup. Ct. R. 28.1

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 28.1 supremecourt.govThe book on this: 11.3 At the lectern: citing aloud and pointing to pages

Chapter 11: Moot Court, Clerkships & Chambers

11.4 New authority on the day of argument

• Permission to cite

  11th Cir. R. 34-4(j)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Took effect

  Apr. 1, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 34-4(j) ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: 11.4 New authority on the day of argument
• Permission to cite

  7th Cir. R. 34(g)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

  Took effect

  July 16, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 7th Cir. R. 34(g) ca7.uscourts.govThe book on this: 11.4 New authority on the day of argument

Chapter 12 Constitutions

• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 106b

  United States Congress

  Took effect

  Apr. 1, 1985

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 106b govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 12 Constitutions

Chapter 13 Statutes

• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 112

  Congress

  Took effect

  July 30, 1947

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 112 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 113

  Congress

  Took effect

  July 8, 1966

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 113 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 204(a)

  Congress

  Took effect

  July 30, 1947

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 204(a) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Legal status

  28 U.S.C. § 2074(a)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1988

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. § 2074(a) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  C.A.A.F. R. 36B, 37(c)(2) (2026 Rules)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

  Took effect

  Oct. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 15, 2026

  Official text of C.A.A.F. R. 36B, 37(c)(2) (2026 Rules) armfor.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 83(a)(1)–(2)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 83(a)(1)–(2) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  MCM pt. I, para. 5

  President of the United States (Manual prescribed by Exec. Order No. 12473, as amended)

  Took effect

  Dec. 27, 2023

  Checked

  Oct. 15, 2026

  Official text of MCM pt. I, para. 5 jsc.defense.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Legal statusAI or citation certification

  N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(f)

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

  Took effect

  Sept. 1, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Tex. LR 7.2(f) txnd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 2, 2024, adding Fed. R. Evid. 107

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 2, 2024, adding Fed. R. Evid. 107 uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 23, 2025, adding Fed. R. Civ. P. 16.1

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 23, 2025, adding Fed. R. Civ. P. 16.1 uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 24, 2023, amending Fed. R. Evid. 702

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2023

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Order of the Supreme Court of the United States, Apr. 24, 2023, amending Fed. R. Evid. 702 uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 34.5 (Rules adopted Feb. 17, 2026)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 34.5 (Rules adopted Feb. 17, 2026) supremecourt.govThe book on this: Chapter 13 Statutes

Chapter 14: Cases

14.10 May you cite it? How much does it count?

• Precedential weight

  2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(a)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(a) ca2.uscourts.govThe book on this: 14.10 May you cite it? How much does it count?
• Permission to cite

  2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(b), (d)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(b), (d) ca2.uscourts.govThe book on this: 14.10 May you cite it? How much does it count?
• Precedential weight

  5th Cir. R. 47.5.3–47.5.4

  United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 47.5.3–47.5.4 ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: 14.10 May you cite it? How much does it count?
• Permission to cite

  Fed. R. App. P. 32.1(a)–(b)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Judicial Conference rules process)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2006

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 32.1(a)–(b) govinfo.govThe book on this: 14.10 May you cite it? How much does it count?

Chapter 14: Cases

14.12 Check the case exists—and says it

• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(2)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Judicial Conference rules process)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(2) govinfo.govThe book on this: 14.12 Check the case exists—and says it

Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials

• Legal status

  1 C.F.R. § 5.2(a) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026)

  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 1 C.F.R. § 5.2(a) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  1 CFR 5.9

  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 1 CFR 5.9 ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  1 CFR 5.9(b)

  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 1 CFR 5.9(b) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  1 CFR 8.3 (Periodic updating), part 8 (Code of Federal Regulations)

  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Source text of 1 CFR 8.3 (Periodic updating), part 8 (Code of Federal Regulations) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  1 CFR 8.9 (Form of citation)

  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Source text of 1 CFR 8.9 (Form of citation) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  28 C.F.R. § 0.25 (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026)

  Department of Justice (Attorney General order)

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 28 C.F.R. § 0.25 (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  28 U.S.C. §§ 511-512

  Congress

  Took effect

  Sept. 6, 1966

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. §§ 511-512 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  44 U.S.C. § 1505(a)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Oct. 22, 1968

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 44 U.S.C. § 1505(a) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  44 U.S.C. § 1507

  Congress (Federal Register Act)

  Took effect

  Oct. 22, 1968

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 44 U.S.C. § 1507 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  44 U.S.C. § 1510(e)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Oct. 22, 1968

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 44 U.S.C. § 1510(e) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Precedential weight

  5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026)

  Merit Systems Protection Board

  Took effect

  Oct. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Permission to cite

  5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c)(2) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026)

  Merit Systems Protection Board

  Took effect

  Oct. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c)(2) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  5 U.S.C. § 553(d)

  Congress (Administrative Procedure Act)

  Took effect

  Sept. 6, 1966

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 5 U.S.C. § 553(d) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Precedential weight

  8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(g) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026)

  Department of Justice (EOIR)

  Took effect

  Sept. 3, 2019

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(g) (eCFR as of Oct. 8, 2026) ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  Exec. Order No. 14192 § 5

  President

  Took effect

  Jan. 31, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Exec. Order No. 14192 § 5 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Requirement

  Notice of Citation Change for Commision Rulemakings, 84 Fed. Reg. 693 (Jan. 31, 2019)

  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2019

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Notice of Citation Change for Commision Rulemakings, 84 Fed. Reg. 693 (Jan. 31, 2019) govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials
• Legal status

  U.S.S.G. § 1B1.11, p.s. (Nov. 2025)

  U.S. Sentencing Commission

  Took effect

  Nov. 1, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 15, 2026

  Official text of U.S.S.G. § 1B1.11, p.s. (Nov. 2025) ussc.govThe book on this: Chapter 15 Regulations & Agency Materials

Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record

• Requirement

  10th Cir. R. 28.1(A)-(B)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2022

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 10th Cir. R. 28.1(A)-(B) ca10.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  11th Cir. R. 28-5 (applied to motions by 11th Cir. R. 27-1(a)(11))

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Took effect

  Apr. 1, 2020

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 28-5 (applied to motions by 11th Cir. R. 27-1(a)(11)) ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  1st Cir. R. 28.1

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 1st Cir. R. 28.1 ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Legal status

  28 U.S.C. § 1746

  Congress (Pub. L. No. 94-550, § 1(a), 90 Stat. 2534)

  Took effect

  Oct. 18, 1976

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. § 1746 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  2d Cir. R. 32.1(b)(2)-(3), (b)(6), (c)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 2d Cir. R. 32.1(b)(2)-(3), (b)(6), (c) ca2.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  3d Cir. L.A.R. 28.3(c)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

  Took effect

  Aug. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 3d Cir. L.A.R. 28.3(c) ca3.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  4th Cir. R. 28(g), incorporating the Fourth Circuit Appendix Pagination & Brief Citation Guide (June 24, 2025)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (Guide issued by the Clerk’s Office)

  Took effect

  July 15, 2022

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 4th Cir. R. 28(g), incorporating the Fourth Circuit Appendix Pagination & Brief Citation Guide (June 24, 2025) ca4.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 28.2.2; Clerk’s directive (Fifth Circuit Form 1, ¶ 3)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; Clerk of Court

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 28.2.2; Clerk’s directive (Fifth Circuit Form 1, ¶ 3) ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 28.2.2; Clerk’s directive on record citation (Fifth Circuit Form 1, Appendix)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; Clerk of Court

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2013

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 28.2.2; Clerk’s directive on record citation (Fifth Circuit Form 1, Appendix) ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  6 Cir. R. 28(a)(1)–(2); 6 Cir. R. 30(g)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

  Took effect

  July 10, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 6 Cir. R. 28(a)(1)–(2); 6 Cir. R. 30(g) ca6.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  8th Cir. R. 28A(j)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

  Took effect

  Nov. 1, 2021

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 8th Cir. R. 28A(j) ca8.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  9th Cir. R. 28-2.8 and Circuit Advisory Committee Note; 9th Cir. R. 30-1.6

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2024

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 28-2.8 and Circuit Advisory Committee Note; 9th Cir. R. 30-1.6 cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  C.D. Cal. L.R. 56-1, 56-2, 56-3

  U.S. District Court for the Central District of California

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of C.D. Cal. L.R. 56-1, 56-2, 56-3 cacd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  E.D. Mich. Electronic Filing Policies and Procedures R6 (PageID defined in R1(k))

  U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of E.D. Mich. Electronic Filing Policies and Procedures R6 (PageID defined in R1(k)) mied.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  E.D. Pa. Local Civ. R. 7.1.1

  U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of E.D. Pa. Local Civ. R. 7.1.1 paed.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. Cir. R. 28(f), 30(b)(2)(C); Electronic Filing Procedures IV(A)(2) (May 2025)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (rules); Clerk's Office (Electronic Filing Procedures, which the rules incorporate)

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. Cir. R. 28(f), 30(b)(2)(C); Electronic Filing Procedures IV(A)(2) (May 2025) cafc.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. Cir. R. 30(c)(2), 30(a)(6) (with Practice Notes to Rule 30)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Fed. Cir. R. 30(c)(2), 30(a)(6) (with Practice Notes to Rule 30) cafc.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 10(a)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 10(a) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(6), (a)(8)(A); 28(b) for appellees

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(6), (a)(8)(A); 28(b) for appellees uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 28(e)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 1998

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 28(e) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. App. P. 30(a)–(c)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. App. P. 30(a)–(c) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(e)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(e) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(c)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(c) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(b)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(b) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(d)(1)(A)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2018

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(d)(1)(A) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2(a)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 5.2(a) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1), (c)(3)

  Supreme Court of the United States (Rules Enabling Act)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2010

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1), (c)(3) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  First Circuit Clerk's Office, Notice to Litigants ¶ 4 (in the First Circuit Rulebook); 1st Cir. R. 28.0 (addendum)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit; Clerk's Office

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of First Circuit Clerk's Office, Notice to Litigants ¶ 4 (in the First Circuit Rulebook); 1st Cir. R. 28.0 (addendum) ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  N.D. Ga. LR 56.1(B)(1)

  U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Ga. LR 56.1(B)(1) gand.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  S.D. Fla. L.R. 56.1(b)(1)

  U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2021

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of S.D. Fla. L.R. 56.1(b)(1) flsd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 24.1(g)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 24.1(g) supremecourt.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record
• Requirement

  Sup. Ct. R. 24.5

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Mar. 16, 2026

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Sup. Ct. R. 24.5 supremecourt.govThe book on this: Chapter 16 Court Documents & the Record

Chapter 17 Legislative Materials

• Legal status

  44 U.S.C. § 901

  Congress

  Took effect

  Oct. 22, 1968

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 44 U.S.C. § 901 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 17 Legislative Materials
• Requirement

  Congressional Budget Act of 1974 § 402, 2 U.S.C. § 653

  Congress

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Congressional Budget Act of 1974 § 402, 2 U.S.C. § 653 govinfo.govThe book on this: Chapter 17 Legislative Materials
• Legal status

  Rules of the House of Representatives, 119th Cong., Rule XIII, cl. 3(c)(3)

  U.S. House of Representatives

  Took effect

  Jan. 3, 2025

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Rules of the House of Representatives, 119th Cong., Rule XIII, cl. 3(c)(3) rules.house.govThe book on this: Chapter 17 Legislative Materials

Chapter 20 Internet, Social Media, AI Output & Software

• Requirement

  11th Cir. R. 36 I.O.P. 9 (Citation to Internet Materials in an Opinion)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 11th Cir. R. 36 I.O.P. 9 (Citation to Internet Materials in an Opinion) ca11.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 20 Internet, Social Media, AI Output & Software
• Requirement

  4th Cir. I.O.P. 36.4

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 4th Cir. I.O.P. 36.4 ca4.uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 20 Internet, Social Media, AI Output & Software

Chapter 20: Internet, Social Media, AI Output & Software

20.2 Print, official online or the web: which version to cite

• Requirement

  1st Cir. R. 25.0(n)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 1st Cir. R. 25.0(n) ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: 20.2 Print, official online or the web: which version to cite
• Requirement

  3d Cir. L.A.R. Misc. 113.13

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

  Took effect

  Aug. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 3d Cir. L.A.R. Misc. 113.13 ca3.uscourts.govThe book on this: 20.2 Print, official online or the web: which version to cite
• Requirement

  4th Cir. R. 25(a)(12)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 4th Cir. R. 25(a)(12) ca4.uscourts.govThe book on this: 20.2 Print, official online or the web: which version to cite

Chapter 22: Looseleaf & Services

22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation

• Requirement

  10th Cir. R. 32.1(A)–(B)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

  Took effect

  Jan. 1, 2022

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 10th Cir. R. 32.1(A)–(B) ca10.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation
• Requirement

  2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(c)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 2d Cir. R. 32.1.1(c) ca2.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation
• Requirement

  3d Cir. L.A.R. 28.3(a)

  United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

  Took effect

  Aug. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 3d Cir. L.A.R. 28.3(a) ca3.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation
• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 28.7

  United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2006

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 28.7 ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation
• Requirement

  C.D. Cal. L.R. 11-3.9.3

  United States District Court for the Central District of California

  Took effect

  June 1, 2014

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of C.D. Cal. L.R. 11-3.9.3 cacd.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation
• Requirement

  N.D. Cal. Civ. L.R. 3-4(d)(3)–(5)

  United States District Court for the Northern District of California

  Took effect

  Nov. 1, 2021

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of N.D. Cal. Civ. L.R. 3-4(d)(3)–(5) cand.uscourts.govThe book on this: 22.4 When a court asks for, shapes or bars a database citation

Chapter 23 Tribal Nations

• Legal status

  25 C.F.R. § 11.100

  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior

  Took effect

  Jan. 7, 2020

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Source text of 25 C.F.R. § 11.100 ecfr.govThe book on this: Chapter 23 Tribal Nations
• Legal status

  25 U.S.C. § 2710(d)(3)(B), (d)(8)(C)-(D)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Oct. 17, 1988

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 25 U.S.C. § 2710(d)(3)(B), (d)(8)(C)-(D) uscode.house.govThe book on this: Chapter 23 Tribal Nations
• Legal status

  25 U.S.C. § 5131 (Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-454, tit. I, § 104, 108 Stat. 4791, 4792)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Nov. 2, 1994

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 25 U.S.C. § 5131 (Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103-454, tit. I, § 104, 108 Stat. 4791, 4792) uscode.house.govThe book on this: Chapter 23 Tribal Nations
• Legal status

  25 U.S.C. § 71 (Act of Mar. 3, 1871, ch. 120, 16 Stat. 544, 566)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Mar. 3, 1871

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 25 U.S.C. § 71 (Act of Mar. 3, 1871, ch. 120, 16 Stat. 544, 566) uscode.house.govThe book on this: Chapter 23 Tribal Nations

Chapter 24: International Law

24.2 Treaties and other international agreements

• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 112a(a)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Sept. 23, 1950

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 112a(a) govinfo.govThe book on this: 24.2 Treaties and other international agreements

Chapter 24: International Law

24.3 Treaty status: in force, for whom, as amended

• Legal status

  1 U.S.C. § 112b(b)(1)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Sept. 19, 2023

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 1 U.S.C. § 112b(b)(1) uscode.house.govThe book on this: 24.3 Treaty status: in force, for whom, as amended

Chapter 24: International Law

24.9 Trade disputes and international arbitration

• Precedential weight

  19 U.S.C. § 3512(a)(1), (c)(1)

  Congress

  Took effect

  Dec. 8, 1994

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 19 U.S.C. § 3512(a)(1), (c)(1) govinfo.govThe book on this: 24.9 Trade disputes and international arbitration

Chapter 25 Foreign Law

• Legal status

  Fed. R. Crim. P. 26.1

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2002

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Crim. P. 26.1 uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 25 Foreign Law

Chapter 25: Foreign Law

25.7 Foreign law in U.S. courts

• Legal status

  Fed. R. Civ. P. 44.1

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2007

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Civ. P. 44.1 uscourts.govThe book on this: 25.7 Foreign law in U.S. courts

Chapter 26 Archives & Historical Sources

• Legal status

  44 U.S.C. § 2116(b)

  Congress of the United States

  Took effect

  Apr. 1, 1985

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of 44 U.S.C. § 2116(b) uscode.house.govThe book on this: Chapter 26 Archives & Historical Sources
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Evid. 803(16)

  Supreme Court of the United States (rules transmitted to Congress under 28 U.S.C. § 2074)

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2017

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Evid. 803(16) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 26 Archives & Historical Sources
• Legal status

  Fed. R. Evid. 902(4)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Evid. 902(4) uscourts.govThe book on this: Chapter 26 Archives & Historical Sources

Chapter 26: Archives & Historical Sources

26.9 Citing is not proving: archives in court

• Legal status

  Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(8)

  Supreme Court of the United States

  Took effect

  Dec. 1, 2011

  Checked

  Oct. 13, 2026

  Official text of Fed. R. Evid. 901(b)(8) uscourts.govThe book on this: 26.9 Citing is not proving: archives in court

Table A Courts & Codes by State

• Requirement

  28 U.S.C. § 119

  Congress

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. § 119 govinfo.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  28 U.S.C. § 1258

  Congress

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. § 1258 govinfo.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  28 U.S.C. § 41

  Congress

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 28 U.S.C. § 41 govinfo.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  48 U.S.C. § 864

  Congress

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 48 U.S.C. § 864 govinfo.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  First Circuit Local Rule 30.0(e)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of First Circuit Local Rule 30.0(e) ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  First Circuit Local Rule 32.1.0(b)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of First Circuit Local Rule 32.1.0(b) ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  First Circuit Local Rule 32.2

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of First Circuit Local Rule 32.2 ca1.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  Local Bankruptcy Rules of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Puerto Rico, LBR 9070-1(c)

  U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Puerto Rico

  Took effect

  May 16, 2013

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Local Bankruptcy Rules of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Puerto Rico, LBR 9070-1(c) prb.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  Local Rules of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, Local Civil Rule 1(d)

  U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Local Rules of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, Local Civil Rule 1(d) prd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State
• Requirement

  Local Rules of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, Local Civil Rule 43

  U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of Local Rules of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, Local Civil Rule 43 prd.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table A Courts & Codes by State

Table C Court Citation Rules by State

• Requirement

  5th Cir. R. 47.5.3-47.5.4

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 5th Cir. R. 47.5.3-47.5.4 ca5.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table C Court Citation Rules by State
• Requirement

  9th Cir. R. 36-3(a)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 36-3(a) cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table C Court Citation Rules by State
• Requirement

  9th Cir. R. 36-3(b)-(c)

  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

  Effective date

  not stated

  Checked

  Oct. 14, 2026

  Official text of 9th Cir. R. 36-3(b)-(c) cdn.ca9.uscourts.govThe book on this: Table C Court Citation Rules by State